Python已成为机器学习（ML），深度学习（DL）和数据科学（DS）等新兴领域的主要编程语言。 Python的一个有吸引力的功能是，它提供易于使用的编程界面，同时允许图书馆开发人员通过利用高性能计算（HPC）平台提供的计算能力来提高其应用程序的性能。有效的通信是在并行系统上扩展应用程序的关键，通常通过HPC硬件上的消息传递接口（MPI）标准库（MPI）标准库来启用该应用程序。 MPI4PY是一个基于Python的通信库，为Python应用程序提供了类似MPI的接口，允许应用程序开发人员利用包括GPU在内的并行处理元素。但是，目前尚无基准套件来评估现代HPC系统上MPI4PY和PYTHON MPI代码的通信性能。为了弥合这一差距，我们提出了OMB-PY-开源OSU微基准（OMB）套件的Python扩展 - 旨在评估Python中基于MPI的并行应用的通信性能。据我们所知，OMB-PY是平行Python应用程序的第一间通信基准套件。 OMB-PY由各种点对点和集体通信基准测试组成，这些测试适用于一系列流行的Python库，包括Numpy，Cupy，Numba和Pycuda。我们的评估表明，与天然MPI库相比，MPI4PY引入了一个小开销。我们计划公开发布OMB-PY，以使Python HPC社区受益。

Simulating quantum channels is a fundamental primitive in quantum computing, since quantum channels define general (trace-preserving) quantum operations. An arbitrary quantum channel cannot be exactly simulated using a finite-dimensional programmable quantum processor, making it important to develop optimal approximate simulation techniques. In this paper, we study the challenging setting in which the channel to be simulated varies adversarially with time. We propose the use of matrix exponentiated gradient descent (MEGD), an online convex optimization method, and analytically show that it achieves a sublinear regret in time. Through experiments, we validate the main results for time-varying dephasing channels using a programmable generalized teleportation processor.

Human activity recognition (HAR) using drone-mounted cameras has attracted considerable interest from the computer vision research community in recent years. A robust and efficient HAR system has a pivotal role in fields like video surveillance, crowd behavior analysis, sports analysis, and human-computer interaction. What makes it challenging are the complex poses, understanding different viewpoints, and the environmental scenarios where the action is taking place. To address such complexities, in this paper, we propose a novel Sparse Weighted Temporal Attention (SWTA) module to utilize sparsely sampled video frames for obtaining global weighted temporal attention. The proposed SWTA is comprised of two parts. First, temporal segment network that sparsely samples a given set of frames. Second, weighted temporal attention, which incorporates a fusion of attention maps derived from optical flow, with raw RGB images. This is followed by a basenet network, which comprises a convolutional neural network (CNN) module along with fully connected layers that provide us with activity recognition. The SWTA network can be used as a plug-in module to the existing deep CNN architectures, for optimizing them to learn temporal information by eliminating the need for a separate temporal stream. It has been evaluated on three publicly available benchmark datasets, namely Okutama, MOD20, and Drone-Action. The proposed model has received an accuracy of 72.76%, 92.56%, and 78.86% on the respective datasets thereby surpassing the previous state-of-the-art performances by a margin of 25.26%, 18.56%, and 2.94%, respectively.

Energy consumption in buildings, both residential and commercial, accounts for approximately 40% of all energy usage in the U.S., and similar numbers are being reported from countries around the world. This significant amount of energy is used to maintain a comfortable, secure, and productive environment for the occupants. So, it is crucial that the energy consumption in buildings must be optimized, all the while maintaining satisfactory levels of occupant comfort, health, and safety. Recently, Machine Learning has been proven to be an invaluable tool in deriving important insights from data and optimizing various systems. In this work, we review the ways in which machine learning has been leveraged to make buildings smart and energy-efficient. For the convenience of readers, we provide a brief introduction of several machine learning paradigms and the components and functioning of each smart building system we cover. Finally, we discuss challenges faced while implementing machine learning algorithms in smart buildings and provide future avenues for research at the intersection of smart buildings and machine learning.

The size of an individual cell type, such as a red blood cell, does not vary much among humans. We use this knowledge as a prior for classifying and detecting cells in images with only a few ground truth bounding box annotations, while most of the cells are annotated with points. This setting leads to weakly semi-supervised learning. We propose replacing points with either stochastic (ST) boxes or bounding box predictions during the training process. The proposed "mean-IOU" ST box maximizes the overlap with all the boxes belonging to the sample space with a class-specific approximated prior probability distribution of bounding boxes. Our method trains with both box- and point-labelled images in conjunction, unlike the existing methods, which train first with box- and then point-labelled images. In the most challenging setting, when only 5% images are box-labelled, quantitative experiments on a urine dataset show that our one-stage method outperforms two-stage methods by 5.56 mAP. Furthermore, we suggest an approach that partially answers "how many box-labelled annotations are necessary?" before training a machine learning model.

Drone-camera based human activity recognition (HAR) has received significant attention from the computer vision research community in the past few years. A robust and efficient HAR system has a pivotal role in fields like video surveillance, crowd behavior analysis, sports analysis, and human-computer interaction. What makes it challenging are the complex poses, understanding different viewpoints, and the environmental scenarios where the action is taking place. To address such complexities, in this paper, we propose a novel Sparse Weighted Temporal Fusion (SWTF) module to utilize sparsely sampled video frames for obtaining global weighted temporal fusion outcome. The proposed SWTF is divided into two components. First, a temporal segment network that sparsely samples a given set of frames. Second, weighted temporal fusion, that incorporates a fusion of feature maps derived from optical flow, with raw RGB images. This is followed by base-network, which comprises a convolutional neural network module along with fully connected layers that provide us with activity recognition. The SWTF network can be used as a plug-in module to the existing deep CNN architectures, for optimizing them to learn temporal information by eliminating the need for a separate temporal stream. It has been evaluated on three publicly available benchmark datasets, namely Okutama, MOD20, and Drone-Action. The proposed model has received an accuracy of 72.76%, 92.56%, and 78.86% on the respective datasets thereby surpassing the previous state-of-the-art performances by a significant margin.

在整个计算科学中，越来越需要利用原始计算马力的持续改进，通过对蛮力的尺度锻炼的尺度增加，以增加网状元素数量的增加。例如，如果不考虑分子水平的相互作用，就不可能对纳米多孔介质的转运进行定量预测，即从紧密的页岩地层提取至关重要的碳氢化合物。同样，惯性限制融合模拟依赖于数值扩散来模拟分子效应，例如非本地转运和混合，而无需真正考虑分子相互作用。考虑到这两个不同的应用程序，我们开发了一种新颖的功能，该功能使用主动学习方法来优化局部细尺度模拟的使用来告知粗尺度流体动力学。我们的方法解决了三个挑战：预测连续性粗尺度轨迹，以推测执行新的精细分子动力学计算，动态地更新细度计算中的粗尺度，并量化神经网络模型中的不确定性。

受数字孪生系统的启发，开发了一个新型的实时数字双框架，以增强机器人对地形条件的感知。基于相同的物理模型和运动控制，这项工作利用了与真实机器人同步的模拟数字双重同步，以捕获和提取两个系统之间的差异信息，这两个系统提供了多个物理数量的高维线索，以表示代表差异建模和现实世界。柔软的，非刚性的地形会导致腿部运动中常见的失败，因此，视觉感知完全不足以估计地形的这种物理特性。我们使用了数字双重来开发可折叠性的估计，这通过动态步行过程中的物理互动来解决此问题。真实机器人及其数字双重双重测量之间的感觉测量的差异用作用于地形可折叠性分析的基于学习的算法的输入。尽管仅在模拟中受过培训，但学习的模型可以在模拟和现实世界中成功执行可折叠性估计。我们对结果的评估表明，对不同方案和数字双重的优势的概括，可在地面条件下可靠地检测到细微差别。

深神经网络（DNN）通常被设计为依次级联的可区分块/层，其预测模块仅连接到其最后一层。 DNN可以与沿主链的多个点的预测模块相连，其中推理可以在中间阶段停止而无需通过所有模块。最后一个退出点可能会提供更好的预测错误，但还涉及更多的计算资源和延迟。就预测误差和成本而言，一个“最佳”的出口是可取的。最佳出口点可能取决于任务的潜在分布，并且可能会从一个任务类型变为另一种任务类型。在神经推断期间，实例的基础真理可能无法获得，并且每个出口点的错误率无法估算。因此，人们面临在无监督环境中选择最佳出口的问题。先前的工作在离线监督设置中解决了此问题，假设可以使用足够的标记数据来估计每个出口点的错误率并调整参数以提高准确性。但是，经过预训练的DNN通常被部署在新领域中，可能无法提供大量的地面真相。我们将退出选择的问题建模为无监督的在线学习问题，并使用匪徒理论来识别最佳出口点。具体而言，我们专注于弹性BERT，这是一种预先训练的多EXIT DNN，以证明它“几乎”满足了强大的优势（SD）属性，从而可以在不知道地面真相标签的情况下学习在线设置中的最佳出口。我们开发了名为UEE-UCB的基于上限（UCB）的上限（UCB）算法，该算法可证明在SD属性下实现了子线性后悔。因此，我们的方法提供了一种自适应学习多种exit DNN中特定于域特异性的最佳出口点的方法。我们从IMDB和Yelp数据集上进行了验证算法验证我们的算法。

Smart Sensing提供了一种更轻松，方便的数据驱动机制，用于在建筑环境中监视和控制。建筑环境中生成的数据对隐私敏感且有限。 Federated Learning是一个新兴的范式，可在多个参与者之间提供隐私的合作，以进行模型培训，而无需共享私人和有限的数据。参与者数据集中的嘈杂标签降低了表现，并增加了联合学习收敛的通信巡回赛数量。如此大的沟通回合需要更多的时间和精力来训练模型。在本文中，我们提出了一种联合学习方法，以抑制每个参与者数据集中嘈杂标签的不平等分布。该方法首先估计每个参与者数据集的噪声比，并使用服务器数据集将噪声比归一化。所提出的方法可以处理服务器数据集中的偏差，并最大程度地减少其对参与者数据集的影响。接下来，我们使用每个参与者的归一化噪声比和影响来计算参与者的最佳加权贡献。我们进一步得出表达式，以估计提出方法收敛所需的通信回合数。最后，实验结果证明了拟议方法对现有技术的有效性，从交流回合和在建筑环境中实现了性能。